Rabu, 21 September 2016

ISLAMIC BANKING


            Islamic banking  is a banking system based on the implementation of Islamic law (sharia). The formation of this system is based on the prohibition of the Islamic religion to lend or collect any loans with the loan charging interest (riba), as well as the prohibition to invest in businesses categorized as forbidden (haram). Conventional banking system can not guarantee the absence of these things in investments, for example in the business associated with the production of food or drink unclean, business or entertainment media are not Islamic, and others. Although these principles may be applied in the economic history of Islam, but only at the end of the 20th century began to stand by Islamic banks that apply for commercial establishments private or semi-private in the Muslim community in the world.
            Principles of Islamic banking 3 Islamic banking products 3.1 Safekeeping or stash 3.2 For results 3.3 Buying and selling 3.4 Services 4 The fund management 5 References History An early form of the market economy and mercantilism, which some economists referred to as "Islamic capitalism", has begun to develop between the 8th century and the 12th. [3] Monetary economy in that period by currency dinar which circulated widely at the time, which brings together the territories that were previously economically independent. In the 20th century, the birth of Islamic banking can not be separated from the presence of two modern Islamic renaissance movement, the movements neorevivalis and modernists. [2] Around the 1940s, Pakistan and Malaysia have there are efforts pilgrim (simple present tense) fund management is unconventional. In 1963, Islamic Rural Bank stands in the village of Mit Ghamr in Cairo, Egypt. [4] Islamic banking globally growing at a pace of 10-15% per year, present continuous tense and show signs of consistent growth in the future. [5] Reports of the International Association of Islamic Banks and analysis Prof. Khursid Ahmad mentioned that until 1999 there are more than 200 Islamic financial institutions operating throughout the world, namely in countries with a majority Muslim population as well as other countries in Europe, Australia, and America. [6] It is estimated there are more than US $ 822 billion worldwide assets managed under Islamic principles, according to an analysis by The Economist. [7] It covers approximately 0.5% of the total estimated assets of the world in 2005. [8] CIMB Group Holding       Company Analysis states that sharia finance is the fastest growing segment in the global financial system, and sales of Islamic bonds are expected to increase 24 percent to reach US $ 25 billion in 2010. [9] The principle of Islamic banking Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking, namely that banking institutions can generate profits by lending capital, deposit funds, fund operations, or other activities as appropriate. The principle of Islamic law forbids the elements below in banking transactions are: [4] Commerce over illicit goods, Flowers (ربا usury), Gambling and speculation intentional (ميسر maisir), as well as The vagueness and manipulative (غرر gharar) Comparison between Islamic banks and conventional banks are as follows: [4] Bank Islam Doing only investment halal according to Islamic law Wearing the principle of sharing, sale, and lease Profit-oriented and Falah (happiness of the world and the hereafter according to the teachings of Islam) Relationships with customers in the form of partnership Collection and distribution of funds according to the Sharia Supervisory Board fatwa Conventional banks is investing present continuos tense either lawful or unlawful according to Islamic law Wearing the interest rate for-profit Relationships with customers in the form of creditor-debtor Collection and distribution of funds is not governed by a board of a kind Afzalur Rahman in his book Islamic Doctrine on Banking and Insurance (1980) argues that the principles of Islamic banking aims to bring benefit for customers( simple present tense), because it promises justice in accordance with sharia in the economic system. Islamic banking products Some of the product and services provided by the bank based on sharia, among others: A deposit or deposits Al-Wadi'ah (daycare), is a fund where penitip care services can take these funds at any time. With the system wadiah Bank is not obliged, but are permitted, to give a bonus to customers. Bank Muamalat Indonesia-Shahibul Maal.                                              Mudharabah deposits, customers save money in the bank within a certain period of time. The advantage of investing in customer funds by banks will be shared between the bank and the customer with the ratio for a particular outcome. For results  Al-Musharaka (Joint Venture), this concept is applied to the model of a partnership or joint venture. The benefits achieved will be shared in an agreed ratio while losses will be divided based on the ratio of equity owned by each party. The fundamental difference with this concept of Mudharabah is in no management interference management whereas no interference mudharabah Al-Mudharabah, is an agreement between the provider of capital to entrepreneurs. Each benefits achieved will be divided according to certain agreed ratio. The risk of loss is borne fully by the Bank except for losses caused by mismanagement, negligence and irregularities party customers such as misappropriation, fraud and abuse. Al-muzara'ah, is the bank providing financing for customers engaged in agricultural / plantation on the basis of the results of the harvest. Al-Musaqah, is a more simple form of muzara'ah, where the customer is only responsible for penyiramaan and maintenance, and in return the customer is entitled to a certain ratio of the crop. Sale and purchase Bai 'Al-Murabahah, is the distribution of funds in the form of buying and selling. Banks will buy needed goods and then resell the service user to the service user at inflated prices determined in accordance bank profit margins, and service users are allowed to goods. The installment of flats corresponding contract at the beginning and the installment amount = cost plus an agreed margin. Example: house price of 500 million, the bank margin / profit 100M bank, the borrowers paid was 600 million and paid over an agreed period beginning between the Bank and the Customer. Bai 'As-Salam, the Bank will buy items needed at a later date, while the payment is made in advance. Purchases must be measured and weighed clear and specific, and the determination of the purchase price based on the pleasure of the whole between the two sides. Example: Funding for farmers in the short term (2-6 months). Because the items purchased (eg, rice, corn, chilli) is not intended as an inventory, the bank performs contract bai 'as-salam to the second buyer (eg Bulog, the wholesale market traders, wholesalers). Another example in garment products, which is between the seller, the bank, and counterparty recommended seller. Bai 'Al-Istishna', a special form of As-Salam where the prices of goods can be paid when the contract, payable or paid in the future. Bank binds each buyer and seller separately, unlike the As-Salam in which all parties tied together from the beginning. Thus, the bank as providing goods to the customer responsible for any errors execution of the work and guarantees arising from the transaction.
            Al-Ijarah is a contract of transfer of rights to the goods and services through the payment of wages lease, without being followed by the transfer of ownership of the goods themselves. Al-Ijarah Al-Muntahia Tamlik Bit-Ijara is an agreement together with the transfer of rights to the goods and services through a lease payment of wages, but the days of the end of the lease the transfer of ownership of the goods rental. Services, Al-Wakalah is an agreement on Islamic banking transactions, which is a contract (representatives) in accordance with the principles which apply in its Islamic Shari'a. Al-Kafalah is the guarantee given by the insurer to a third party to meet the obligations of both parties or incurred, in other words a shift responsibility guaranteed by adhering to the responsibility of others as collateral. Al-Hawalah is a contract of transfer which in practice to move the debt from the debtor dependents dependents of people who are obliged to pay the debt (ie debt takeover institution). Ar-Rahn, is an agreement on Islamic banking transactions, which is a pledge agreement in accordance with sharia. Al-Qardh is one of the covenants contained in the Islamic banking system that is none other than providing loans, in cash or otherwise without expecting anything in return or interest (riba. Indirectly intend to helping rather than commercial. The fund management.The rate of growth of Islamic banking at the global level no doubt. Assets of Islamic financial institutions in the world is estimated to reach 250 billion US dollars, growing an average of more than 15 percent per year. In Indonesia, the Islamic banking business volume over the last five years the average growth of 60 percent per year. In 2005, the Indonesian Islamic banking posted a profit of Rp 238.6 billion, an increase of 47 percent from the previous year. Even so, Indonesia has a very broad market potential for Islamic banking, it still lags far behind Malaysia. Last year, Islamic banking Malaysia scored a profit of more than one billion ringgit (272 million dollars). End of March 2006, Islamic banking assets in the neighboring country was almost 12 per cent of the total national banking assets. While in Indonesia, Islamic banking assets in March 2006 a new period recorded 1.40 percent of total banking assets. Bank Indonesia predicts, accelerated growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia will start this year. Office channeling policy implementation, support the government accelerated form of account management pilgrim entrusted to Islamic banking, as well as the presence of new investors will encourage the growth of Islamic business. Islamic banking consultant, Adiwarman Azwar Karim, argued, among other things the development of Islamic banking will be marked issuance of sharia-based bonds or sukuk are prepared by the government. A number of foreign banks in Indonesia, such as Citibank and HSBC, welcomed the issuance of sukuk by opening Islamic business unit. Meanwhile, a number of investors from the Gulf countries are also preparing to buy banks in Indonesia to be converted into Islamic banks. The criteria selected banks with assets generally relatively small, between Rp 500 billion and Rp 2 trillion. Once converted, the banks sought syndicate financing large projects, involve global financial institutions. The existence of Islamic banking in Indonesia pioneered by the establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia, initiated by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) with the aim of accommodating the aspirations and opinions in Islamic society have many argue that bank interest is forbidden because of riba and also to take banking principles carefulness. When viewed in terms of economic and business value, this is a major breakthrough for 80% of Indonesia's population is Muslim, of course this is a business with huge potential. Although some Muslims found that bank interest is not usury but avail, because the flowers are given or taken (present continuous tense)by the bank are small so it will not be harmed or didzolimi each other, but still, for Muslims the establishment of Islamic banks is a major advance. Islamic banking system in Indonesia was orphaned at Bank Indonesia. Ideally, the Indonesian government established a special financial institution level sharia Bank Indonesia, Bank Indonesia Sharia.


vocabulary
1. establishment private
2. neurevivalis
3. renaissance
4. pilgrim
5. fund
6.illicit
7.vaguenses
8. gamblling
9. worldwide
10.lawful

tenses :
1.Conventional banks is investing either ... (present continuos tense)
2.Islamic banking aims to bring benefit for customers( simple present tense),
3.Islamic law is Wearing the interest rate for-profit Relationships (present continuos tense)
4. service user are allowing to goods (present continuos tense)
5.flowers are giving by the bank... (present continuous tense) 

review
     
      islamic banking is a banking system based on the implementation of Islamic law (sharia). The formation of this system is based on the prohibition of the Islamic religion to lend or collect any loans with the loan charging interest (riba).but,Conventional banking system can not guarantee the absence of these things in investments.
     principle of islamic banking 3 product : 1. safe keeping, 2. result, 3. buying and selling 4. fund management, 5. reselling story . the birth of Islamic banking can not be separated from the presence of two modern Islamic renaissance movement, the movements neorevivalis and modernists.
     principle of Islamic  has the same purpose as conventional banking, namely that banking institutions can generate profits by lending capital, deposit funds, fund operations, or other activities as appropriate. The principle of Islamic law forbids the elements below in banking transactions are:  Commerce over illicit goods, Flowers(riba), Gambling and speculation intentional (maysir), as well as The vagueness and manipulative (gharar). but Conventional banks is investing present continuos tense either lawful or unlawful according to Islamic law Wearing the interest rate for-profit Relationships with customers in the form of creditor-debtor .
     MUI  accomodating and inspiration have to choose bank convent,because many people don't know of save money. that to MUI saying carefulness of save money . When viewed in terms of economic and business value, this is a major breakthrough for 80% of Indonesia's population is Muslim choose conventional banking than islamic banking .  




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